三维仿真动画
发布：机械仿真 日期：2011-05-31 13:48:04
三维仿真也称为虚拟仿真。
它是指利用计算机技术生成的一个逼真的，具有视、听、触、味等多种感知的虚拟环境，用户可以通过其自然技能使用各种传感设备同虚拟环境中的实体相互作用的一种技术。
此种技术涉及到的面很广，主要涉及到的有涉及计算机图形学、人机交互技术、传感技术、人工智能等。它由计算机硬件、软件以及各种传感器构成的三维信息的人工环境——虚拟环境，可以逼真地模拟现实世界（甚至是不存在的）的事物和环境，人投入到这种环境中，立即有“亲临其境”的感觉，并可亲自操作，自然地与虚拟环境进行交互。
三维虚拟仿真技术具备有这样四个特性：沉浸性、交互性、虚幻性和逼真性。
1、沉浸性—— 虚拟仿真系统中，使用者可获得视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、运动感觉等多种感知，从而获得身临其境的感受。理想的虚拟仿真系统应该具有能够给人所有感知信息的功能。
2、交互性——虚拟仿真系统中，不仅环境能够作用于人，人也可以对环境进行控制，而且人是以近乎自然的行为（自身的语言、肢体的动作等）进行控制的，虚拟环境还能够对人的操作予以实时的反应。例如，当飞行员按动导弹发射按钮时，会看见虚拟的导弹发射出去并跟踪虚拟的目标；当导弹碰到目标时会发生爆炸，能够看到爆炸的碎片和火光。
3、虚幻性——即系统中的环境是虚幻的，是由人利用计算机等工具模拟出来的。既可以模拟客观世界中以前存在过的或是现在真实存在的环境，也可模拟出客观世界中当前并不存在的但将来可能出现的环境，还可模拟客观世界中并不会存在的而仅仅属于人们幻想的环境。
4、逼真性——虚拟仿真系统的逼真性表现在两个方面：一方面，虚拟环境给人的的各种感觉与所模拟的客观世界非常相像，一切感觉都是那么逼真，如同在真实世界一样；另一方面，当人以自然的行为作用于虚拟环境时，环境做出的反应也符合客观世界的有关规律。如当给虚幻物体一个作用力，该物体的运动就会符合力学定律，会沿着力的方向产生相应的加速度；当它遇到障碍物时，会被阻挡。
利用三维仿真技术，可创造“仿真效果”，这是因为电子计算机可将客观世界的数字化模型转化为不同形态的光点与声波，并以适当的方式加以融合，从而营造一个“虚拟仿真”。
三维仿真系统因为其逼真的临场环境，主要应用在飞行培训、城市规划、设计制造等方面，能节省很多开销，达到更高的效率。
转载请注明：转载自★三维动画,3D动画,机械动画,工业动画制作公司—杭州金川文化创意有限公司★ http://www.3dzoon.com/blog/
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